Paul Allen: Difference between revisions

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| occupation  = Businessman, investor, philanthropist, computer programmer
| occupation  = Businessman, investor, philanthropist, computer programmer
| known_for    = Co-founding [[Microsoft]], philanthropy, sports team ownership
| known_for    = Co-founding [[Microsoft]], philanthropy, sports team ownership
| awards      = [[Time 100]] (2007, 2008); Vanguard Award; National Medal of Arts nominee
| awards      = [[Time 100]] (2007, 2008); Vanguard Award; National Medal of Arts (Americans for the Arts)
| website      =  
| website      =  
}}
}}


'''Paul Gardner Allen''' (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American businessman, computer programmer, investor, and philanthropist who co-founded [[Microsoft|Microsoft Corporation]] with his childhood friend [[Bill Gates]] in 1975. The partnership between the two would produce one of the most consequential technology companies of the twentieth century, fueling the [[microcomputer]] revolution that transformed modern life. Beyond Microsoft, Allen built a sprawling portfolio of ventures spanning technology, real estate, scientific research, professional sports, aerospace, and the arts. He owned the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] and the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]], and held a partial ownership stake in [[Seattle Sounders FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]]. Through the Allen Institutes and direct giving, he donated more than $2 billion to causes including education, wildlife and environmental conservation, healthcare, the arts, and community services. He was named to the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' 100 Most Influential People list in both 2007 and 2008.<ref name="Time100">{{cite web |title=Paul Allen — The 2007 Time 100 |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616322,00.html |publisher=Time Inc. |date=2007 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> At the time of his death in October 2018, [[Forbes]] ranked Allen among the wealthiest individuals in American history.<ref name="AP_obit">{{cite news |title=Microsoft co-founder, philanthropist Paul Allen dies at 65 |url=https://apnews.com/article/81a3564e5d1d4af3b8573741242e2e97 |work=Associated Press News |date=October 15, 2018 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
'''Paul Gardner Allen''' (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American businessman, computer programmer, investor, and philanthropist who co-founded [[Microsoft|Microsoft Corporation]] with his childhood friend [[Bill Gates]] in 1975. The partnership helped launch the [[microcomputer]] revolution of the late 1970s and 1980s, and Microsoft grew to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. Allen departed from day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 1983 after being diagnosed with [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], though he remained on the company's board of directors for years afterward. He went on to build a diversified portfolio of investments spanning technology, media, real estate, scientific research, and private spaceflight. Allen owned the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] and the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]], and held a partial ownership stake in [[Seattle Sounders FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]]. A dedicated philanthropist, he gave more than $2 billion over his lifetime to causes including education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services. He founded the [[Allen Institute for Brain Science]], the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and the Allen Institute for Cell Science. Allen died on October 15, 2018, at the age of 65, from [[septic shock]] related to [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]].<ref name="AP">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=October 15, 2018 |title=Microsoft co-founder, philanthropist Paul Allen dies at 65 |url=https://apnews.com/article/81a3564e5d1d4af3b8573741242e2e97 |work=Associated Press News |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> At the time of his death, [[Forbes]] estimated his net worth at approximately $20.3 billion, placing him among the wealthiest individuals in American history.


== Early Life ==
== Early Life ==


Paul Gardner Allen was born on January 21, 1953, in [[Seattle, Washington]], to Kenneth Sam Allen and Edna Faye Allen. His father worked as an associate director at the [[University of Washington]] libraries.<ref name="historylink">{{cite web |title=Paul Allen biography |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5424 |publisher=HistoryLink |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Growing up in Seattle, Allen developed an early interest in science and technology. He attended [[Lakeside School]], a private preparatory school in Seattle, where he met Bill Gates, who was two years his junior. The two shared a fascination with computers and spent considerable time working on the school's teletype terminal, which connected to a [[General Electric]] mainframe computer.
Paul Gardner Allen was born on January 21, 1953, in [[Seattle, Washington]].<ref name="AP" /> He grew up in the Seattle area, where his father, Kenneth Allen, worked as an associate director at the [[University of Washington]] libraries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenneth S. Allen Library Endowment |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/support/endowments/allend |publisher=University of Washington Libraries |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Allen's early life in Seattle placed him at the nexus of what would become one of the most important technology corridors in the United States. He attended [[Lakeside School]], a private preparatory school in Seattle, where he met Bill Gates. The two shared an intense interest in computers at a time when access to computing equipment was rare for young students. Their friendship and shared technical curiosity formed the foundation of what would later become one of the most consequential business partnerships in the history of the technology industry.


At Lakeside, Allen and Gates honed their programming skills, taking advantage of every opportunity to access computer time. Their collaboration at the school laid the intellectual groundwork for what would eventually become Microsoft. Allen was known among peers for his broad curiosity, reading voraciously across subjects including science, electronics, and music. His early exposure to computing technology at Lakeside—at a time when few secondary schools had any access to computers—proved formative in shaping his career trajectory.<ref name="historylink" />
Allen and Gates spent considerable time working with early computer systems during their years at Lakeside. The school had acquired a teletype terminal connected to a time-sharing computer, and the two students devoted extensive hours to programming. This early exposure to computing technology gave both Allen and Gates a significant head start in understanding the potential of personal computers before the industry had taken shape.


Allen's childhood in Seattle also fostered a lifelong attachment to the Pacific Northwest, a connection that would later manifest in his extensive investments in the region's real estate, cultural institutions, sports teams, and civic life.<ref name="UW_alumni">{{cite web |title=Paul Allen — University of Washington Alumni |url=http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2012/alumni/allen/ |publisher=University of Washington |date=September 2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen was several years older than Gates, and by accounts of their early relationship, it was Allen who often drove the pair's ambitions forward, envisioning commercial possibilities for the emerging technology. Their collaboration at Lakeside School included various programming projects, and the experience cemented a working relationship that would carry over into their professional lives.<ref name="historylink">{{cite web |title=Paul Allen biography |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5424 |publisher=HistoryLink |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


== Education ==
== Education ==


After graduating from Lakeside School, Allen enrolled at [[Washington State University]] in Pullman, Washington. He studied for two years but ultimately chose to leave college before completing a degree. His departure was motivated by the rapidly expanding opportunities he perceived in the nascent personal computer industry. Allen relocated to [[Boston, Massachusetts]], where he took a position as a programmer with [[Honeywell]].<ref name="historylink" />
After graduating from Lakeside School, Allen enrolled at [[Washington State University]] in [[Pullman, Washington]]. However, he did not complete his degree. Allen left the university after two years to pursue his growing interest in the computing industry. He moved to [[Boston, Massachusetts]], where he took a job as a programmer for [[Honeywell]]. It was during this period that Allen and Gates, who was then attending [[Harvard University]], began planning the venture that would become Microsoft. Allen's decision to leave Washington State University proved to be a pivotal moment in the history of personal computing, as it freed him to devote his full attention to the nascent microcomputer industry.<ref name="historylink" />
 
While in Boston, Allen remained in close contact with Bill Gates, who was then attending [[Harvard University]]. Allen's conviction that the personal computer revolution was imminent proved instrumental in persuading Gates to leave Harvard, and the two soon embarked on the venture that would become Microsoft.


== Career ==
== Career ==
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=== Founding of Microsoft ===
=== Founding of Microsoft ===


In 1975, Allen and Gates read a January cover story in ''[[Popular Electronics]]'' magazine featuring the [[Altair 8800]] microcomputer, manufactured by [[MITS]] (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]. Allen recognized the machine's significance and urged Gates to write software for it.<ref name="startup">{{cite web |title=How Albuquerque Became the Startup City for Microsoft |url=http://gosw.about.com/od/albuquerquenewmexico/a/startup.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Together, they developed a version of the [[BASIC]] programming language for the Altair—known as Altair BASIC—and demonstrated it successfully to MITS founder Ed Roberts in Albuquerque.
In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, initially based in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Did Microsoft Start in Albuquerque? |url=http://gosw.about.com/od/albuquerquenewmexico/a/startup.htm |publisher=About.com |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The company's origins can be traced to Allen's reading of the January 1975 issue of ''Popular Electronics'', which featured the [[Altair 8800]] microcomputer on its cover. Recognizing the commercial opportunity, Allen urged Gates to develop a version of the [[BASIC]] programming language for the Altair. The two contacted [[Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems]] (MITS), the manufacturer of the Altair, and offered to provide a BASIC interpreter for the machine. After successfully demonstrating their software, Allen and Gates formalized their partnership and established Microsoft (originally styled as "Micro-Soft") in Albuquerque, near the MITS headquarters.


On April 4, 1975, Allen and Gates formally established Microsoft (originally styled "Micro-Soft") in Albuquerque, where MITS was headquartered. Allen served in multiple technical and strategic roles during the company's formative years. The company's early focus on programming languages for personal computers positioned it to take advantage of the explosive growth in the microcomputer market during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Allen is widely credited with suggesting the company's name, a portmanteau of "microcomputer" and "software."<ref name="historylink" />
Allen served in various roles at Microsoft during the company's formative years, contributing to the technical and strategic direction of the business. Microsoft's early focus on developing programming languages and operating systems for personal computers positioned the company at the center of the rapidly expanding microcomputer market. The partnership between Allen and Gates proved complementary, with Allen often identified as the idea-driven visionary of the pair, focused on new product possibilities and future technologies.


Microsoft's breakthrough came in 1980 when [[IBM]] selected the company to supply the operating system for its first personal computer. The resulting product, [[MS-DOS]], became the dominant operating system for IBM-compatible PCs and established Microsoft as a central force in the technology industry.
Microsoft relocated from Albuquerque to [[Bellevue, Washington]], in 1979, bringing the company closer to Allen's and Gates's roots in the Pacific Northwest. The company's growth accelerated significantly during the early 1980s, particularly after securing a contract to provide an operating system for the [[IBM Personal Computer]], which launched in 1981. This deal proved transformative for Microsoft and the personal computing industry as a whole.


=== Departure from Microsoft ===
=== Departure from Microsoft ===


In early 1983, Allen was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. The diagnosis prompted his departure from day-to-day operations at Microsoft, though he remained on the company's board of directors as vice-chairman.<ref name="AP_obit" /> Allen underwent successful treatment for the disease and entered remission, but his relationship with the company shifted permanently. He retained a significant ownership stake in Microsoft, and the value of those shares grew enormously as the company expanded through the 1980s and 1990s.
In early 1983, Allen was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], a form of cancer. He stepped away from his day-to-day role at Microsoft to focus on treatment and recovery.<ref name="AP" /> Allen successfully underwent treatment and went into remission, but he did not return to a full-time operational role at the company. He remained on Microsoft's board of directors as vice-chairman for many years following his departure.


In 2000, Allen resigned from Microsoft's board of directors and assumed the title of senior strategy advisor to the company's management team.<ref name="AP_obit" /> Although he was no longer involved in the company's daily management, his founding role and continued shareholding meant that Microsoft's success remained a primary source of his wealth for decades.
In 2000, Allen resigned from his position on the Microsoft board of directors and assumed the title of senior strategy advisor to the company's management team.<ref name="AP" /> His relationship with Microsoft continued in an advisory capacity, and he retained a significant shareholding in the company, which formed the foundation of his substantial personal wealth.


=== Vulcan Inc. and Investment Activities ===
=== Vulcan Inc. and Investment Activities ===


In 1986, Allen and his sister, [[Jody Allen]], founded [[Vulcan Inc.]], a privately held company based in Seattle that served as the primary vehicle for managing Allen's diverse business and philanthropic interests.<ref name="AP_obit" /> Through Vulcan, Allen assembled a multi-billion-dollar investment portfolio that spanned technology companies, media ventures, real estate, scientific research, and private spaceflight.
In 1986, Allen and his sister, [[Jody Allen]], founded [[Vulcan Inc.]], a privately held company based in Seattle that served as the primary vehicle for managing Allen's business interests and philanthropic activities.<ref name="AP" /> Through Vulcan, Allen built a diversified investment portfolio that extended well beyond the technology sector. His holdings included interests in technology and media companies, real estate, scientific research ventures, and private spaceflight enterprises.


Allen invested in a broad array of technology and media companies over the years. His portfolio included stakes in numerous firms across sectors, reflecting his interests in emerging technologies and communications. Vulcan also managed significant real estate holdings, particularly in the Seattle metropolitan area, where Allen's investments contributed to the development of the [[South Lake Union]] neighborhood and other urban projects.
Allen's investment philosophy encompassed a broad range of industries and interests. He invested in numerous technology startups and established companies, and he founded several companies of his own, including [[Apex Learning]], an educational technology company, and [[Stratolaunch Systems]], a space transport venture. Stratolaunch Systems developed the [[Scaled Composites Stratolaunch|Stratolaunch]], an aircraft designed to serve as a launch platform for orbital rockets. The Stratolaunch first flew in April 2019, several months after Allen's death, and upon its maiden flight became the largest aircraft in history by wingspan.<ref name="AP" />


=== Professional Sports Ownership ===
=== Sports Team Ownership ===


Allen was a prominent figure in American professional sports as the owner of multiple franchises. He purchased the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] in 1997, a move credited with keeping the team in Seattle at a time when relocation was considered a possibility. Under Allen's ownership, the Seahawks reached multiple Super Bowls. The team won [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] and, under the Allen Estate's stewardship following his death, won [[Super Bowl LX]].<ref name="ESPN_sale">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2026-02-19 |title=Paul Allen's estate begins selling Super Bowl champ Seahawks |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/47967201/paul-allen-estate-begins-selling-super-bowl-champ-seahawks |work=ESPN |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The team also appeared in [[Super Bowl XL]] and [[Super Bowl XLIX]].
Allen was the owner of the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]] and the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]].<ref name="AP" /><ref>{{cite web |title=NFL official site |url=http://www.nfl.com/ |publisher=National Football League |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> He also held a partial ownership stake in [[Seattle Sounders FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]].<ref name="sounders">{{cite web |title=What the Seahawks' impending sale could mean for Sounders |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2026/02/what-the-seahawks-impending-sale-could-mean-for-sounders/ |publisher=Sounder at Heart |date=February 2026 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


Allen also owned the [[Portland Trail Blazers]] of the [[National Basketball Association]], maintaining the franchise for more than two decades. Additionally, he held a partial ownership stake in [[Seattle Sounders FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]].<ref name="Sounders_sale">{{cite web |title=What the Seahawks' impending sale could mean for Sounders |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/2026/02/what-the-seahawks-impending-sale-could-mean-for-sounders/ |publisher=Sounder at Heart |date=2026-02-22 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen purchased the Seahawks in 1997, an acquisition that was credited with keeping the team in Seattle at a time when relocation was a possibility. Under Allen's ownership, the Seahawks reached multiple [[Super Bowl]]s. The team won [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] and [[Super Bowl LX]], and also appeared in [[Super Bowl XL]] and [[Super Bowl XLIX]].<ref name="ESPN">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=February 2026 |title=Paul Allen's estate begins selling Super Bowl champ Seahawks |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/47967201/paul-allen-estate-begins-selling-super-bowl-champ-seahawks |work=ESPN |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


Following Allen's death, the Allen Estate continued to manage the Seahawks and other sports properties. In February 2026, the Estate announced a formal sale process for the Seattle Seahawks, consistent with Allen's wishes.<ref name="Seahawks_sale">{{cite web |title=Estate of Paul G. Allen Begins Sale Process for Seattle Seahawks |url=https://www.seahawks.com/news/estate-of-paul-g-allen-begins-sale-process-for-seattle-seahawks |publisher=Seattle Seahawks |date=2026-02-19 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Reports indicated that the franchise could be valued between $7 billion and $8 billion.<ref name="CBS_sale">{{cite news |title=Paul Allen Estate refutes report that Seahawks will be sold after Super Bowl: 'The team is not for sale' |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/seattle-seahawks-sale-super-bowl-lx/ |work=CBS Sports |date=2026-02-03 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Allen's sister, Jody Allen, who served as chair of the Seahawks and executor of the Allen Estate, indicated that proceeds from the sale would be directed toward charitable purposes.<ref name="Fortune_Jody">{{cite news |title=Why billionaire Jody Allen plans to sell the Seattle Seahawks and donate the proceeds to charity |url=https://fortune.com/2026/02/09/who-is-jody-allen-super-bowl-lx-seattle-seahawks-champions-philanthropy/ |work=Fortune |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen's ownership of the Portland Trail Blazers represented another significant sports investment. He purchased the NBA franchise and maintained ownership throughout the remainder of his life.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Allen and Portland Trail Blazers |url=http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=24902 |publisher=Portland Tribune |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


=== Aerospace and Space Ventures ===
Following Allen's death in 2018, his estate, managed by his sister Jody Allen, continued to oversee the sports franchises. In February 2026, the Estate of Paul G. Allen announced it had commenced a formal sale process for the Seattle Seahawks, consistent with Allen's wishes.<ref name="Seahawks-sale">{{cite web |title=Estate of Paul G. Allen Begins Sale Process for Seattle Seahawks |url=https://www.seahawks.com/news/estate-of-paul-g-allen-begins-sale-process-for-seattle-seahawks |publisher=Seattle Seahawks |date=February 2026 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The Allen Estate also owned approximately 25 percent of Seattle Sounders FC, though that stake was not necessarily part of the sale process.<ref name="sounders" /> Media reports estimated the value of the Seahawks franchise at between $7 billion and $8 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=February 2026 |title=Paul Allen Estate refutes report that Seahawks will be sold after Super Bowl: 'The team is not for sale' |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/seattle-seahawks-sale-super-bowl-lx/ |work=CBS Sports |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Jody Allen indicated that the proceeds from the sale would be directed toward charitable purposes, consistent with her brother's philanthropic legacy.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=February 9, 2026 |title=Why billionaire Jody Allen plans to sell the Seattle Seahawks and donate the proceeds to charity |url=https://fortune.com/2026/02/09/who-is-jody-allen-super-bowl-lx-seattle-seahawks-champions-philanthropy/ |work=Fortune |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


Allen had a longstanding interest in aerospace and space exploration. In 2004, he funded [[SpaceShipOne]], which became the first privately funded crewed spacecraft to reach suborbital space. The vehicle, designed by [[Burt Rutan]] and built by [[Scaled Composites]], won the [[Ansari X Prize]] by completing two flights to suborbital altitude within a two-week period.<ref name="Smithsonian">{{cite web |title=SpaceShipOne — National Air and Space Museum |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/about/newsroom/release/?id=130 |publisher=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The achievement marked a milestone in the development of commercial spaceflight.
=== Private Spaceflight ===


Allen also founded [[Stratolaunch Systems]], a company that developed the [[Stratolaunch Roc]], an aircraft designed to serve as an airborne launch platform for rockets. The aircraft, which has the largest wingspan of any aircraft ever built, completed its maiden flight in April 2019—several months after Allen's death.<ref name="AP_obit" />
Allen was an early investor in private spaceflight. In 2004, he funded [[SpaceShipOne]], developed by [[Burt Rutan]]'s [[Scaled Composites]], which became the first privately funded crewed spaceplane to reach [[suborbital spaceflight|suborbital space]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SpaceShipOne Exhibit |url=http://airandspace.si.edu/about/newsroom/release/?id=130 |publisher=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> SpaceShipOne won the [[Ansari X Prize]] by completing two suborbital flights within a two-week period. The aircraft was subsequently donated to the [[Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum]] in Washington, D.C., where it was placed on display alongside other milestones in aviation history, including the [[Wright Flyer]] and [[SpaceShipOne|Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis]].


Additionally, Allen had a deep interest in aviation history. He established the [[Flying Heritage Collection]] (later renamed the Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum), a museum near Seattle that houses a collection of restored wartime aircraft and military vehicles.<ref name="FHC">{{cite web |title=Flying Heritage Collection |url=http://www.flyingheritage.com/NewsDetail.aspx?id=3 |publisher=Flying Heritage Collection |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen later founded [[Stratolaunch Systems]], which developed a massive twin-fuselage aircraft designed to carry rockets to high altitude for air-launch-to-orbit missions. The Stratolaunch aircraft, with a wingspan of 385 feet, made its first flight on April 13, 2019, approximately six months after Allen's death, becoming the largest airplane ever flown by wingspan.


=== Scientific Research and the Allen Institutes ===
=== Scientific and Technological Ventures ===


Allen made substantial investments in scientific research, establishing several research institutes that bear his name. He founded the [[Allen Institute for Brain Science]] in 2003, dedicating an initial $100 million to the project. The institute, based in Seattle, focused on mapping the human brain and making its data freely available to researchers worldwide. Its work included the creation of the [[Allen Brain Atlas]], a comprehensive map of gene expression in the mouse and human brain.<ref name="Eurekalert">{{cite web |title=Paul G. Allen Donates Additional $300 Million to the Allen Institute for Brain Science |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-10/aifb-pga102810.php |publisher=EurekAlert! |date=October 28, 2010 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> In 2010, Allen announced an additional $300 million donation to the Allen Institute for Brain Science, bringing his total commitment to the institute to $500 million.<ref name="Eurekalert" />
Allen made substantial investments in scientific research throughout his career. He founded the [[Allen Institute for Brain Science]] in 2003, dedicating significant resources to mapping the human brain and advancing neuroscience research.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul G. Allen donates $100 million to Allen Institute for Brain Science |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-10/aifb-pga102810.php |publisher=EurekAlert! |date=October 2010 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The Allen Institute for Brain Science produced publicly available brain atlases and other resources used by researchers worldwide. Allen subsequently established the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2) and the Allen Institute for Cell Science, expanding his scientific philanthropy into additional fields.


Allen subsequently founded the [[Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence]] (AI2) and the [[Allen Institute for Cell Science]], broadening his philanthropic investment in fundamental scientific research. These institutes operated as independent, nonprofit research organizations, reflecting Allen's belief in the importance of large-scale, open-access scientific projects.
Allen also funded the [[Allen Telescope Array]], a radio telescope array at the [[Hat Creek Radio Observatory]] in northern California, built in collaboration with the [[SETI Institute]] for the purpose of searching for extraterrestrial intelligence and conducting radio astronomy research. The management of the Allen Telescope Array was later transferred to [[SRI International]] from the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UC Berkeley passes management of Allen Telescope Array to SRI |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/04/13/uc-berkeley-passes-management-of-allen-telescope-array-to-sri/ |publisher=UC Berkeley News Center |date=April 13, 2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


Allen also contributed to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence through his support of the [[Allen Telescope Array]] at the [[Hat Creek Radio Observatory]] in California. The array, originally a joint project of the [[SETI Institute]] and the [[University of California, Berkeley]], was designed to search for radio signals from extraterrestrial civilizations.<ref name="ATA">{{cite web |title=UC Berkeley Passes Management of Allen Telescope Array to SRI |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/04/13/uc-berkeley-passes-management-of-allen-telescope-array-to-sri/ |publisher=UC Berkeley |date=April 13, 2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
In addition to these research institutions, Allen founded the [[Living Computers: Museum + Labs]] in Seattle, an interactive museum of computing history that featured working vintage computers and exhibits tracing the evolution of computing technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Living Computer Museum |url=http://www.livingcomputermuseum.org/ |publisher=Living Computers: Museum + Labs |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> He also established the [[Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum]] (originally the Flying Heritage Collection), a collection of rare, restored military aircraft and artifacts from World War II and other conflicts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flying Heritage Collection |url=http://www.flyingheritage.com/NewsDetail.aspx?id=3 |publisher=Flying Heritage Collection |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


=== Education and Technology Ventures ===
=== Maritime Exploration ===


Allen founded [[Apex Learning]], an online education company focused on providing digital curricula for high school students. The venture reflected his interest in using technology to improve educational access and outcomes. He also founded the [[Living Computer Museum]] (later named the Living Computers: Museum + Labs) in Seattle, which housed a collection of vintage computers, many of them restored to working condition, allowing visitors to interact with computing technology from previous decades.<ref name="LCM">{{cite web |title=Living Computer Museum |url=http://www.livingcomputermuseum.org/ |publisher=Living Computers: Museum + Labs |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen became known later in life for his maritime exploration activities, which resulted in the discovery of several historically significant shipwrecks. Using his research vessel ''RV Petrel'', Allen and his team located the wrecks of numerous warships, including the [[Japanese battleship Musashi|IJN ''Musashi'']] and the [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35)|USS ''Indianapolis'']], among others. These discoveries drew international attention and contributed to the historical record of naval warfare in the 20th century.<ref name="AP" />
 
=== Naval Exploration ===
 
Allen pursued a notable avocation in undersea exploration, using his private research vessel, the ''RV Petrel'', to locate the wrecks of historically significant warships. Among his most prominent discoveries were the wrecks of the [[Japanese battleship Musashi]] (IJN ''Musashi'') and the [[USS Indianapolis (CA-35)|USS ''Indianapolis'']], both lost during [[World War II]]. These expeditions combined Allen's interests in military history, technology, and exploration, and received widespread media attention.<ref name="AP_obit" />
 
== Philanthropy ==
 
Allen donated more than $2 billion over the course of his lifetime to a variety of causes, including education, scientific research, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services.<ref name="AP_obit" /> His philanthropic activities were managed primarily through Vulcan Inc. and the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation.
 
Among his most significant contributions were his investments in the Allen Institutes for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Cell Science. He also supported the University of Washington with significant gifts, including $14 million toward a new center at the university.<ref name="UW_gift">{{cite news |title=Allen gives $14 million to new UW center |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Allen-gives-14-million-to-new-UW-center-1080933.php |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Allen's support extended to the University of Washington Libraries, reflecting his family's long connection to the institution through his father's career there.<ref name="UW_Libraries">{{cite web |title=Allen Library Endowment |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/support/endowments/allend |publisher=University of Washington Libraries |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
 
His sister, Jody Allen, continued his philanthropic legacy as executor of the Allen Estate. When the Estate announced the sale of the Seattle Seahawks in 2026, Jody Allen indicated that the proceeds would be directed toward charitable purposes, consistent with Paul Allen's wishes.<ref name="Fortune_Jody" />


== Personal Life ==
== Personal Life ==


Allen was a lifelong resident of [[Seattle, Washington]], where he maintained deep ties to the local community through his sports teams, cultural institutions, and philanthropic endeavors. He never married and had no children.<ref name="AP_obit" />
Paul Allen was born and raised in Seattle, Washington, and maintained strong ties to the city throughout his life.<ref name="AP" /> His father, Kenneth S. Allen, was associated with the University of Washington libraries, and the university later named an endowment in his honor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenneth S. Allen Library Endowment |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/support/endowments/allend |publisher=University of Washington Libraries |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> Allen's sister, Jody Allen, served as a close collaborator in both business and philanthropy, co-founding Vulcan Inc. and managing the Allen Estate following his death.
 
Allen was an avid music enthusiast. He played guitar and was known for his passion for [[Jimi Hendrix]] and rock music more broadly. He contributed to the founding of the [[Museum of Pop Culture]] (originally called the Experience Music Project) in Seattle, a museum dedicated to music and popular culture.


He was also a noted art collector. ''Newsweek'' profiled Allen's art collection, describing his extensive holdings of paintings and other works.<ref name="Newsweek_art">{{cite web |title=Blake Gopnik on Art Collecting Philanthropist Paul Allen |url=http://mag.newsweek.com/2012/10/07/blake-gopnik-on-art-collecting-philanthropist-paul-allen.html |publisher=Newsweek |date=October 7, 2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen was first diagnosed with [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] in 1983, which led to his departure from day-to-day work at Microsoft. He successfully underwent treatment and entered remission. In 2009, he was diagnosed with [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], a separate cancer.<ref name="AP" /> He again underwent treatment but faced recurring health challenges. Allen died on October 15, 2018, in Seattle, from septic shock related to his cancer. He was 65 years old.<ref name="AP" />


Allen was first diagnosed with [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] in 1983, prompting his withdrawal from daily work at Microsoft. He was treated successfully and entered remission. In 2009, he was diagnosed with [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]. On October 15, 2018, Allen died in Seattle of [[septic shock]] related to his cancer. He was 65 years old.<ref name="AP_obit" />
Allen was known for his wide-ranging personal interests, which included music, aviation, history, and the arts. He was an avid collector of art and maintained a significant private collection.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gopnik |first=Blake |date=October 7, 2012 |title=Paul Allen Art Collection |url=http://mag.newsweek.com/2012/10/07/blake-gopnik-on-art-collecting-philanthropist-paul-allen.html |work=Newsweek |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> His yacht, ''Octopus'', was one of the largest privately owned yachts in the world and served as a base for some of his maritime exploration expeditions.


== Recognition ==
== Recognition ==


Allen received numerous awards and honors over the course of his career. He was named to ''Time'' magazine's list of the 100 Most Influential People in the World in both 2007 and 2008.<ref name="Time100" />
Allen received numerous awards and honors throughout his career in recognition of his contributions to technology, philanthropy, and the arts. He was included in the [[Time 100]], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, in both 2007 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Allen – Time 100 |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616322,00.html |publisher=Time |date=2007 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


He received the Vanguard Award from the [[National Cable & Telecommunications Association]].<ref name="Vanguard">{{cite web |title=Anne Sweeney, Matt Blank Top Vanguard Award Winners |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/113076-Anne_Sweeney_Matt_Blank_Top_Vanguard_Award_Winners.php |publisher=Broadcasting & Cable |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen was a recipient of the Vanguard Award from the [[National Cable & Telecommunications Association]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Sweeney, Matt Blank Top Vanguard Award Winners |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/113076-Anne_Sweeney_Matt_Blank_Top_Vanguard_Award_Winners.php |publisher=Broadcasting & Cable |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> In 2008, he received the 70th Annual Citizen Award.<ref>{{cite web |title=70th Annual Citizen Award Honoring Paul Allen |url=http://www.stroupecondoblog.com/2008/05/70th-annual-citizen-award-honoring-paul-allen/ |publisher=Stroupe Condo Blog |date=May 2008 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


In 2008, he received the 70th Annual Citizen Award, honoring his civic contributions.<ref name="Citizen_Award">{{cite web |title=70th Annual Citizen Award Honoring Paul Allen |url=http://www.stroupecondoblog.com/2008/05/70th-annual-citizen-award-honoring-paul-allen/ |publisher=Stroupe Condo Blog |date=May 2008 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
He was honored by [[Americans for the Arts]] with the National Arts Award in 2012, recognizing his contributions to the arts through philanthropy and institutional support.<ref>{{cite web |title=2012 National Arts Awards |url=http://www.americansforthearts.org/events/2012/naa/001.asp |publisher=Americans for the Arts |date=2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Americans for the Arts – National Arts Awards 2012 |url=http://www.americansforthearts.org/news/annual_awards/naa/2012.asp |publisher=Americans for the Arts |date=2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


Allen was recognized by Americans for the Arts with its annual National Award in 2012 for his contributions to arts and culture in the United States.<ref name="AFTA">{{cite web |title=Americans for the Arts — 2012 National Arts Awards |url=http://www.americansforthearts.org/news/annual_awards/naa/2012.asp |publisher=Americans for the Arts |date=2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref><ref name="AFTA_event">{{cite web |title=Americans for the Arts — 2012 National Arts Awards Event |url=http://www.americansforthearts.org/events/2012/naa/001.asp |publisher=Americans for the Arts |date=2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
The [[University of Washington]], where Allen's father had worked, recognized Allen's contributions to the institution and the broader community. Allen provided significant financial support to the university, including a $14 million gift to establish a new center.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title=Allen gives $14 million to new UW center |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Allen-gives-14-million-to-new-UW-center-1080933.php |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> The university's alumni magazine also profiled Allen's contributions and legacy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Allen – University of Washington Alumni |url=http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2012/alumni/allen/ |publisher=University of Washington |date=September 2012 |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


The [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (EPFL) in Switzerland also recognized Allen's contributions to science and technology.<ref name="EPFL">{{cite web |title=Paul Allen — EPFL Press Release |url=http://actualites.epfl.ch/presseinfo-rev?id=1631 |publisher=EPFL |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
Allen also received recognition from the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (EPFL) in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul Allen recognition – EPFL |url=http://actualites.epfl.ch/presseinfo-rev?id=1631 |publisher=EPFL |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


A species in the [[Syrphidae]] family of flies was named in Allen's honor, an unusual form of recognition reflecting his contributions to scientific research.<ref name="syrphid">{{cite web |title=Allen — Syrphidae |url=http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/syrphid/allen.htm |publisher=USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>
An insect species, a [[syrphid fly]], was named in Allen's honor, reflecting the breadth of his engagement with scientific research and natural history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Allen syrphid fly |url=http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/syrphid/allen.htm |publisher=USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory |date= |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==


Paul Allen's legacy spans multiple domains. As co-founder of Microsoft, he played a foundational role in the personal computer revolution that reshaped the global economy and daily life. The software company he and Bill Gates created grew into one of the most valuable corporations in the world, and its products—from MS-DOS to Windows—became ubiquitous.
Paul Allen's legacy spans multiple domains, from technology and business to philanthropy, science, and sports. As co-founder of Microsoft, he played a central role in the development of the personal computer industry, which reshaped global commerce, communication, and daily life. His early recognition of the commercial potential of microcomputers and his partnership with Bill Gates produced one of the most influential technology companies in history.
 
Beyond technology, Allen's impact is visible in the scientific research institutions he established. The Allen Institutes for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Cell Science continue to operate as significant contributors to their respective fields, carrying forward his commitment to open-access research. His funding of SpaceShipOne helped demonstrate the viability of privately funded spaceflight, opening a path that subsequent commercial space ventures would follow.<ref name="Smithsonian" />


In professional sports, Allen's ownership of the Seattle Seahawks and Portland Trail Blazers left a lasting mark on those franchises and their home cities. The Seahawks' Super Bowl victories under Allen's ownership and the subsequent stewardship of the Allen Estate cemented the team's place among the NFL's successful franchises. The announced sale of the Seahawks in 2026, with proceeds directed to philanthropy, represents a continuation of Allen's charitable vision.<ref name="Seahawks_sale" /><ref name="Fortune_Jody" />
Beyond Microsoft, Allen's post-career investments and philanthropic activities extended his influence into fields ranging from neuroscience and artificial intelligence to space exploration and historical preservation. The Allen Institutes—for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Cell Science—represent major contributions to scientific infrastructure, producing open-access research tools and datasets used by scientists around the world. His funding of SpaceShipOne marked a milestone in private spaceflight, demonstrating that access to space was not limited to government programs.


Allen's contributions to arts and culture—including the Museum of Pop Culture, the Living Computers: Museum + Labs, and the Flying Heritage Collection—enriched the cultural landscape of the Pacific Northwest. His art collection, his support for music, and his investments in museums reflected a breadth of interests uncommon among technology entrepreneurs of his generation.<ref name="Newsweek_art" />
Allen's ownership of the Seattle Seahawks and Portland Trail Blazers embedded him in the civic life of the Pacific Northwest. His purchase of the Seahawks in 1997 was credited with preventing the team's relocation, and the franchise went on to achieve significant success, including multiple Super Bowl appearances and championships. Following his death, the Allen Estate continued to manage the teams in accordance with his wishes, with the formal sale process for the Seahawks commencing in February 2026, with proceeds directed toward philanthropy.<ref name="Seahawks-sale" />


His undersea exploration efforts brought renewed attention to important episodes in naval history, locating the wrecks of warships that had been lost for decades. These discoveries provided closure for families of servicemembers and contributed to the historical record of World War II.
Allen gave more than $2 billion to philanthropic causes during his lifetime, supporting education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services.<ref name="AP" /> His maritime explorations, which led to the discovery of historically significant shipwrecks, contributed to the understanding of naval history and provided closure for families of those lost at sea.


Through more than $2 billion in charitable giving and the establishment of enduring research institutions, Allen's philanthropic impact extended well beyond his lifetime. The ongoing work of the Allen Institutes and the planned disposition of his sports franchises for charitable purposes ensure that his resources continue to be directed toward the causes he supported.<ref name="AP_obit" />
The institutions and organizations that Allen created or supported continue to operate after his death, extending his impact. His sister Jody Allen has carried on the management of the Allen Estate, overseeing the disposition of his assets and the continuation of his charitable commitments.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=February 9, 2026 |title=Why billionaire Jody Allen plans to sell the Seattle Seahawks and donate the proceeds to charity |url=https://fortune.com/2026/02/09/who-is-jody-allen-super-bowl-lx-seattle-seahawks-champions-philanthropy/ |work=Fortune |access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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Paul Allen
BornPaul Gardner Allen
21 1, 1953
BirthplaceSeattle, Washington, U.S.
DiedTemplate:Death date and age
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationBusinessman, investor, philanthropist, computer programmer
Known forCo-founding Microsoft, philanthropy, sports team ownership
EducationWashington State University (attended)
AwardsTime 100 (2007, 2008); Vanguard Award; National Medal of Arts (Americans for the Arts)

Paul Gardner Allen (January 21, 1953 – October 15, 2018) was an American businessman, computer programmer, investor, and philanthropist who co-founded Microsoft Corporation with his childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975. The partnership helped launch the microcomputer revolution of the late 1970s and 1980s, and Microsoft grew to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. Allen departed from day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 1983 after being diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, though he remained on the company's board of directors for years afterward. He went on to build a diversified portfolio of investments spanning technology, media, real estate, scientific research, and private spaceflight. Allen owned the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League and the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association, and held a partial ownership stake in Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer. A dedicated philanthropist, he gave more than $2 billion over his lifetime to causes including education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services. He founded the Allen Institute for Brain Science, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and the Allen Institute for Cell Science. Allen died on October 15, 2018, at the age of 65, from septic shock related to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.[1] At the time of his death, Forbes estimated his net worth at approximately $20.3 billion, placing him among the wealthiest individuals in American history.

Early Life

Paul Gardner Allen was born on January 21, 1953, in Seattle, Washington.[1] He grew up in the Seattle area, where his father, Kenneth Allen, worked as an associate director at the University of Washington libraries.[2] Allen's early life in Seattle placed him at the nexus of what would become one of the most important technology corridors in the United States. He attended Lakeside School, a private preparatory school in Seattle, where he met Bill Gates. The two shared an intense interest in computers at a time when access to computing equipment was rare for young students. Their friendship and shared technical curiosity formed the foundation of what would later become one of the most consequential business partnerships in the history of the technology industry.

Allen and Gates spent considerable time working with early computer systems during their years at Lakeside. The school had acquired a teletype terminal connected to a time-sharing computer, and the two students devoted extensive hours to programming. This early exposure to computing technology gave both Allen and Gates a significant head start in understanding the potential of personal computers before the industry had taken shape.

Allen was several years older than Gates, and by accounts of their early relationship, it was Allen who often drove the pair's ambitions forward, envisioning commercial possibilities for the emerging technology. Their collaboration at Lakeside School included various programming projects, and the experience cemented a working relationship that would carry over into their professional lives.[3]

Education

After graduating from Lakeside School, Allen enrolled at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. However, he did not complete his degree. Allen left the university after two years to pursue his growing interest in the computing industry. He moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where he took a job as a programmer for Honeywell. It was during this period that Allen and Gates, who was then attending Harvard University, began planning the venture that would become Microsoft. Allen's decision to leave Washington State University proved to be a pivotal moment in the history of personal computing, as it freed him to devote his full attention to the nascent microcomputer industry.[3]

Career

Founding of Microsoft

In 1975, Paul Allen and Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, initially based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[4] The company's origins can be traced to Allen's reading of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics, which featured the Altair 8800 microcomputer on its cover. Recognizing the commercial opportunity, Allen urged Gates to develop a version of the BASIC programming language for the Altair. The two contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), the manufacturer of the Altair, and offered to provide a BASIC interpreter for the machine. After successfully demonstrating their software, Allen and Gates formalized their partnership and established Microsoft (originally styled as "Micro-Soft") in Albuquerque, near the MITS headquarters.

Allen served in various roles at Microsoft during the company's formative years, contributing to the technical and strategic direction of the business. Microsoft's early focus on developing programming languages and operating systems for personal computers positioned the company at the center of the rapidly expanding microcomputer market. The partnership between Allen and Gates proved complementary, with Allen often identified as the idea-driven visionary of the pair, focused on new product possibilities and future technologies.

Microsoft relocated from Albuquerque to Bellevue, Washington, in 1979, bringing the company closer to Allen's and Gates's roots in the Pacific Northwest. The company's growth accelerated significantly during the early 1980s, particularly after securing a contract to provide an operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, which launched in 1981. This deal proved transformative for Microsoft and the personal computing industry as a whole.

Departure from Microsoft

In early 1983, Allen was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, a form of cancer. He stepped away from his day-to-day role at Microsoft to focus on treatment and recovery.[1] Allen successfully underwent treatment and went into remission, but he did not return to a full-time operational role at the company. He remained on Microsoft's board of directors as vice-chairman for many years following his departure.

In 2000, Allen resigned from his position on the Microsoft board of directors and assumed the title of senior strategy advisor to the company's management team.[1] His relationship with Microsoft continued in an advisory capacity, and he retained a significant shareholding in the company, which formed the foundation of his substantial personal wealth.

Vulcan Inc. and Investment Activities

In 1986, Allen and his sister, Jody Allen, founded Vulcan Inc., a privately held company based in Seattle that served as the primary vehicle for managing Allen's business interests and philanthropic activities.[1] Through Vulcan, Allen built a diversified investment portfolio that extended well beyond the technology sector. His holdings included interests in technology and media companies, real estate, scientific research ventures, and private spaceflight enterprises.

Allen's investment philosophy encompassed a broad range of industries and interests. He invested in numerous technology startups and established companies, and he founded several companies of his own, including Apex Learning, an educational technology company, and Stratolaunch Systems, a space transport venture. Stratolaunch Systems developed the Stratolaunch, an aircraft designed to serve as a launch platform for orbital rockets. The Stratolaunch first flew in April 2019, several months after Allen's death, and upon its maiden flight became the largest aircraft in history by wingspan.[1]

Sports Team Ownership

Allen was the owner of the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League and the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association.[1][5] He also held a partial ownership stake in Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer.[6]

Allen purchased the Seahawks in 1997, an acquisition that was credited with keeping the team in Seattle at a time when relocation was a possibility. Under Allen's ownership, the Seahawks reached multiple Super Bowls. The team won Super Bowl XLVIII and Super Bowl LX, and also appeared in Super Bowl XL and Super Bowl XLIX.[7]

Allen's ownership of the Portland Trail Blazers represented another significant sports investment. He purchased the NBA franchise and maintained ownership throughout the remainder of his life.[8]

Following Allen's death in 2018, his estate, managed by his sister Jody Allen, continued to oversee the sports franchises. In February 2026, the Estate of Paul G. Allen announced it had commenced a formal sale process for the Seattle Seahawks, consistent with Allen's wishes.[9] The Allen Estate also owned approximately 25 percent of Seattle Sounders FC, though that stake was not necessarily part of the sale process.[6] Media reports estimated the value of the Seahawks franchise at between $7 billion and $8 billion.[10] Jody Allen indicated that the proceeds from the sale would be directed toward charitable purposes, consistent with her brother's philanthropic legacy.[11]

Private Spaceflight

Allen was an early investor in private spaceflight. In 2004, he funded SpaceShipOne, developed by Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites, which became the first privately funded crewed spaceplane to reach suborbital space.[12] SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X Prize by completing two suborbital flights within a two-week period. The aircraft was subsequently donated to the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., where it was placed on display alongside other milestones in aviation history, including the Wright Flyer and Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis.

Allen later founded Stratolaunch Systems, which developed a massive twin-fuselage aircraft designed to carry rockets to high altitude for air-launch-to-orbit missions. The Stratolaunch aircraft, with a wingspan of 385 feet, made its first flight on April 13, 2019, approximately six months after Allen's death, becoming the largest airplane ever flown by wingspan.

Scientific and Technological Ventures

Allen made substantial investments in scientific research throughout his career. He founded the Allen Institute for Brain Science in 2003, dedicating significant resources to mapping the human brain and advancing neuroscience research.[13] The Allen Institute for Brain Science produced publicly available brain atlases and other resources used by researchers worldwide. Allen subsequently established the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2) and the Allen Institute for Cell Science, expanding his scientific philanthropy into additional fields.

Allen also funded the Allen Telescope Array, a radio telescope array at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory in northern California, built in collaboration with the SETI Institute for the purpose of searching for extraterrestrial intelligence and conducting radio astronomy research. The management of the Allen Telescope Array was later transferred to SRI International from the University of California, Berkeley.[14]

In addition to these research institutions, Allen founded the Living Computers: Museum + Labs in Seattle, an interactive museum of computing history that featured working vintage computers and exhibits tracing the evolution of computing technology.[15] He also established the Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum (originally the Flying Heritage Collection), a collection of rare, restored military aircraft and artifacts from World War II and other conflicts.[16]

Maritime Exploration

Allen became known later in life for his maritime exploration activities, which resulted in the discovery of several historically significant shipwrecks. Using his research vessel RV Petrel, Allen and his team located the wrecks of numerous warships, including the IJN Musashi and the USS Indianapolis, among others. These discoveries drew international attention and contributed to the historical record of naval warfare in the 20th century.[1]

Personal Life

Paul Allen was born and raised in Seattle, Washington, and maintained strong ties to the city throughout his life.[1] His father, Kenneth S. Allen, was associated with the University of Washington libraries, and the university later named an endowment in his honor.[17] Allen's sister, Jody Allen, served as a close collaborator in both business and philanthropy, co-founding Vulcan Inc. and managing the Allen Estate following his death.

Allen was first diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma in 1983, which led to his departure from day-to-day work at Microsoft. He successfully underwent treatment and entered remission. In 2009, he was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a separate cancer.[1] He again underwent treatment but faced recurring health challenges. Allen died on October 15, 2018, in Seattle, from septic shock related to his cancer. He was 65 years old.[1]

Allen was known for his wide-ranging personal interests, which included music, aviation, history, and the arts. He was an avid collector of art and maintained a significant private collection.[18] His yacht, Octopus, was one of the largest privately owned yachts in the world and served as a base for some of his maritime exploration expeditions.

Recognition

Allen received numerous awards and honors throughout his career in recognition of his contributions to technology, philanthropy, and the arts. He was included in the Time 100, Time magazine's annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, in both 2007 and 2008.[19]

Allen was a recipient of the Vanguard Award from the National Cable & Telecommunications Association.[20] In 2008, he received the 70th Annual Citizen Award.[21]

He was honored by Americans for the Arts with the National Arts Award in 2012, recognizing his contributions to the arts through philanthropy and institutional support.[22][23]

The University of Washington, where Allen's father had worked, recognized Allen's contributions to the institution and the broader community. Allen provided significant financial support to the university, including a $14 million gift to establish a new center.[24] The university's alumni magazine also profiled Allen's contributions and legacy.[25]

Allen also received recognition from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.[26]

An insect species, a syrphid fly, was named in Allen's honor, reflecting the breadth of his engagement with scientific research and natural history.[27]

Legacy

Paul Allen's legacy spans multiple domains, from technology and business to philanthropy, science, and sports. As co-founder of Microsoft, he played a central role in the development of the personal computer industry, which reshaped global commerce, communication, and daily life. His early recognition of the commercial potential of microcomputers and his partnership with Bill Gates produced one of the most influential technology companies in history.

Beyond Microsoft, Allen's post-career investments and philanthropic activities extended his influence into fields ranging from neuroscience and artificial intelligence to space exploration and historical preservation. The Allen Institutes—for Brain Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Cell Science—represent major contributions to scientific infrastructure, producing open-access research tools and datasets used by scientists around the world. His funding of SpaceShipOne marked a milestone in private spaceflight, demonstrating that access to space was not limited to government programs.

Allen's ownership of the Seattle Seahawks and Portland Trail Blazers embedded him in the civic life of the Pacific Northwest. His purchase of the Seahawks in 1997 was credited with preventing the team's relocation, and the franchise went on to achieve significant success, including multiple Super Bowl appearances and championships. Following his death, the Allen Estate continued to manage the teams in accordance with his wishes, with the formal sale process for the Seahawks commencing in February 2026, with proceeds directed toward philanthropy.[9]

Allen gave more than $2 billion to philanthropic causes during his lifetime, supporting education, wildlife and environmental conservation, the arts, healthcare, and community services.[1] His maritime explorations, which led to the discovery of historically significant shipwrecks, contributed to the understanding of naval history and provided closure for families of those lost at sea.

The institutions and organizations that Allen created or supported continue to operate after his death, extending his impact. His sister Jody Allen has carried on the management of the Allen Estate, overseeing the disposition of his assets and the continuation of his charitable commitments.[28]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "Microsoft co-founder, philanthropist Paul Allen dies at 65".Associated Press News.October 15, 2018.https://apnews.com/article/81a3564e5d1d4af3b8573741242e2e97.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  2. ↑ "Kenneth S. Allen Library Endowment".University of Washington Libraries.http://www.lib.washington.edu/support/endowments/allend.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  3. ↑ "Why Did Microsoft Start in Albuquerque?".About.com.http://gosw.about.com/od/albuquerquenewmexico/a/startup.htm.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  4. ↑ "NFL official site".National Football League.http://www.nfl.com/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  5. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "What the Seahawks' impending sale could mean for Sounders".Sounder at Heart.February 2026.https://www.sounderatheart.com/2026/02/what-the-seahawks-impending-sale-could-mean-for-sounders/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  6. ↑ "Paul Allen's estate begins selling Super Bowl champ Seahawks".ESPN.February 2026.https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/47967201/paul-allen-estate-begins-selling-super-bowl-champ-seahawks.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  7. ↑ "Paul Allen and Portland Trail Blazers".Portland Tribune.http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=24902.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  8. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Estate of Paul G. Allen Begins Sale Process for Seattle Seahawks".Seattle Seahawks.February 2026.https://www.seahawks.com/news/estate-of-paul-g-allen-begins-sale-process-for-seattle-seahawks.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  9. ↑ "Paul Allen Estate refutes report that Seahawks will be sold after Super Bowl: 'The team is not for sale'".CBS Sports.February 2026.https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/seattle-seahawks-sale-super-bowl-lx/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  10. ↑ "Why billionaire Jody Allen plans to sell the Seattle Seahawks and donate the proceeds to charity".Fortune.February 9, 2026.https://fortune.com/2026/02/09/who-is-jody-allen-super-bowl-lx-seattle-seahawks-champions-philanthropy/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  11. ↑ "SpaceShipOne Exhibit".Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.http://airandspace.si.edu/about/newsroom/release/?id=130.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  12. ↑ "Paul G. Allen donates $100 million to Allen Institute for Brain Science".EurekAlert!.October 2010.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-10/aifb-pga102810.php.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  13. ↑ "UC Berkeley passes management of Allen Telescope Array to SRI".UC Berkeley News Center.April 13, 2012.http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/04/13/uc-berkeley-passes-management-of-allen-telescope-array-to-sri/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  14. ↑ "Living Computer Museum".Living Computers: Museum + Labs.http://www.livingcomputermuseum.org/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  15. ↑ "Flying Heritage Collection".Flying Heritage Collection.http://www.flyingheritage.com/NewsDetail.aspx?id=3.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  16. ↑ "Kenneth S. Allen Library Endowment".University of Washington Libraries.http://www.lib.washington.edu/support/endowments/allend.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  17. ↑ GopnikBlakeBlake"Paul Allen Art Collection".Newsweek.October 7, 2012.http://mag.newsweek.com/2012/10/07/blake-gopnik-on-art-collecting-philanthropist-paul-allen.html.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  18. ↑ "Paul Allen – Time 100".Time.2007.http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616322,00.html.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  19. ↑ "Anne Sweeney, Matt Blank Top Vanguard Award Winners".Broadcasting & Cable.http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/113076-Anne_Sweeney_Matt_Blank_Top_Vanguard_Award_Winners.php.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  20. ↑ "70th Annual Citizen Award Honoring Paul Allen".Stroupe Condo Blog.May 2008.http://www.stroupecondoblog.com/2008/05/70th-annual-citizen-award-honoring-paul-allen/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  21. ↑ "2012 National Arts Awards".Americans for the Arts.2012.http://www.americansforthearts.org/events/2012/naa/001.asp.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  22. ↑ "Americans for the Arts – National Arts Awards 2012".Americans for the Arts.2012.http://www.americansforthearts.org/news/annual_awards/naa/2012.asp.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  23. ↑ "Allen gives $14 million to new UW center".Seattle Post-Intelligencer.http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Allen-gives-14-million-to-new-UW-center-1080933.php.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  24. ↑ "Paul Allen – University of Washington Alumni".University of Washington.September 2012.http://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2012/alumni/allen/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  25. ↑ "Paul Allen recognition – EPFL".EPFL.http://actualites.epfl.ch/presseinfo-rev?id=1631.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  26. ↑ "Allen syrphid fly".USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory.http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/syrphid/allen.htm.Retrieved 2026-02-24.
  27. ↑ "Why billionaire Jody Allen plans to sell the Seattle Seahawks and donate the proceeds to charity".Fortune.February 9, 2026.https://fortune.com/2026/02/09/who-is-jody-allen-super-bowl-lx-seattle-seahawks-champions-philanthropy/.Retrieved 2026-02-24.

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